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A FRENCH PRACTICAL SERIES F01 



4 I 



FIEST, R E A. D E I? 



By F. BERTIN, 



GRADUATE AT POITIERS AND PARIS OF THE FRENCH UNIVERSITY, AND 31E3JBEK OF 
THE FRENCH BAR; FROFESSOR OF FRENCH, GREEK, AND LA 
AND AUTHOR OF THE theoretical FRENCH SB&I-ES. 



CINCINNATI 

1864. 



v^^h 



J 



A FRENCH PBACTICAL SERIES FOR THE YOUNG. 



FIRST HE^IDEH: 



Br F. BERTIN, 



GRADUATE AT POITIERS AND PAP. IS OF THE FRENCH UNIVERSITY, AND MEMBER OP 

THE FivENCH BAR; FROFESSOR OF FRENCH, GREEK, AND LATIN J 

AND AUTHOR OF THE theoretical FRENCH SERIES. 






CINCINNATI: 

1864. 






'$* 



I 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by 

F. BERTIN, 

hi fee Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United Statea for the 

Southern District of Ohio. 



$<?/ % 



r T 7 



, 



Nothing is more natural than that mothers should pride on 
their children, but they must take care not to wrong them by 
it. It is a vain satisfaction for mothers to take pride in their 
children muttering a few sentences of a foreign language. 
French, for example. Because if these few sentences have 
been learned, as lessons, after the favorite method of begin- 
ning, as they say, by learning to speak in the first lesson, 
then it amounts to less than nothing. This may seem a fine 
beginning, but it may be observed that the pupil will stick to 
it and go no farther. They say from the first: avez-vous du 
pain f oui, monsieur, j'ai du pain ; they say it still at the end, 
after five or six years' study, with the addition of a few more 
sentences. But as to speaking, or reading, or writing the 
language studied, they are unable to do it. And people 
should know that such a knowledge of a foreign language, 
does not pass the limit of ridicule. 

However, there are some, it may be said, who having thus 
began, have succeeded in learning to speak foreign languages. 
That is true, but if you question them, you will find that 
they have read and written a great deal, and were they at all 
conscious of their own progress, they would tell you that 
they have learned what they know by reading. Then the 
learning of sentences had been trouble and time lost, two 
valuable things spoiled. To pretend to learn languages in such 
or such collections of sentences, be it Ollendorf, Manesca, Fas- 
quelle, etc., is as reasonable as to pretend to drink up the 
Ocean by drinking a glass of its water. 

But if, maman, je vous aime Men — donnez-moi du pain, je 
vous prie, and the like, are the results of French spoken at 
home, all that can be said is that it amounts to nothing more 
than to procure for children a good pronunciation of the lan- 

( "i ) 



— IV — 

guage thus spoken at an early age, and to furnish them with 
the common stock of words suitable to their age. There if 
some advantage in this, but it does not put these children 
in a position superior to that of the native French children, 
who must go to school a long time before they fully know 
their own language. For, as to children knowing a foreign 
language, this is a delusion, which can not find a place in a 
well-balanced mind, if we reflect that children, and even very 
many grown people do not know their own language. Mean- 
time we hear of wonderful children speaking four or five 
languages. Wonderful would it be, indeed, if it were as true 
as it appears to be. But, can we believe it possible for 
a child to comprehend four or five languages, when we are 
aware that the most gifted can not understand most of a ser- 
mon, or a book, or a speech, or a conversation, on certain topics 
and in a peculiar style ? And were such little prodigies to be 
found, who would understand the Demosthenes of the day, and 
the Delphine de Grirardin of their parlor, we would not admire, 
but rather pity them. We may admire flowers, fruits, plants 
raised in a hot house, but we can only pity children brought 
to a premature ripeness. 

Sensible and good mothers will not indulge in such prac- 
tices ; they will look for men and women in due time, who 
can bear the light of day ; they will be willing to have their 
sons and daughters speak French, when fifteen or eighteen 
years old, that is to say, when they are able to speak any lan- 
guage at all, English as well. 

Children must first learn to pronounce, by reading ; this is 
a matter not above their comprehension. It is only the utter* 
ing of sounds, and associating those sounds with certain char- 
acters or types; it requires memory and attention, with the 
exercise of the vocal organs. Then, when older, they will trans- 
late books appropriate to their age ; this will demand a lit- 
tle more of their intellect. There will be ideas to define, 
but the rest will be a matter of memory. By both reading 
and translating, they will learn the meaning of words insen- 
sibly with their sounds, and thus gain the faculty of under- 
standing the language, the object of their study, when spoken 
or read before them. Through the same means, they will 
gain the power of speaking it; for if a child knows that je 
vous aime means 1 love you, when he tries to express the same 



in French, he will say,'Je vous aime. How do children learn 
to speak their own language, but by hearing their mother, or 
nurse, or friends talk, and then talking as they do. Afterward, 
conies grammar, composition, and the study of the literature of 
the language. Do you not believe that such an education in 
French, for example, would fully secure the ability of say- 
ing, avez-vous le pain? fai le pain, as it is learned in Ollendorf 
or Fasquelle. 

And how much time would that require ? Would the pupil 
taught in this way be obliged to sacrifice his classical education 
to the acquisition of the French, in other words to maim him- 
self for life ? Would he be obliged to go into a French 
boarding school, where every thing is secondary to French? 
No, not at all, he would receive in his school half an hour or 
an hour lesson twice or three times a week. That would be 
enough, but he should begin to-day. and follow on to the end 
of his school days ; and mothers and fathers should not become 
impatient to have their children say, avez-vous du pain? 

Besides learning French, children would have the advantage 
of finding in its study thus understood, one of the best means 
of education, indeed it might then take the place of classical 
studies. The benefit of classical education is to be found, in a 
certain extent, in the study of any foreign language, dead or 
living. It is mainly because there is nothing equal to the 
study of languages to develop the mind, that classical studies 
are to be commended. Under a good teacher, there is no dis- 
cipline equal to this, which requires a constant exertion of all 
the faculties of the mind. The learning of the languages, in 
this respect, bears the same relation to the learning of sci- 
ences, as Xapoleon said letters did to sciences. " Sciences," 
said he, " are only a part of civilization, letters are the whole 
civilization." Sciences, we may say, are only a part of educa- 
tion, letters are the whole education. 

According to the principles above, I begin the publication 
of this — a Series for the Young. It aims to lead the pupii to 
the Theoretical French Series, which should be taken up after- 
ward, with the exception of Number I. But it must be borne 
in mind that, this- is a series for the young, to be dispensed 
with, when pupils begin at an already advanced age, in which 
case, the Theoretical Series would alone be profitably used. 



FIEST RE-ADER. 



FJEtENCH LETTERS. 

abcdeeeefghijklmnopqrs 
t u y x y z 

TOWELS. 

aeeeeiouy 

CONSONANTS. 

bcdefghjklmnpqrstvxz 
FUNDAMENTAL SOUNDS. 

bod fate net air me beau fool water 

• a e e e e 1 o u eu ou oi 

THREE DIFFERENT SOUNDS OF EU. 
French e bird French u. 

eu (eu). eu (leur). eu (eurent). 

want and long lvng 

an in on un oin 

(Yii) 



FIRST READER. 



VARIOUS SPELLING OF THESE SOUNDS. 

a, ea, as in the English bad. 

e, eu,* oeu, as in the English butter, 

e, ei, as in the English net. 

e, ai, eai, es,f as in the English, air. 

i, y, as in the English, ine, 

o, au, eau, as in the English, heau. 

u, eu, J no equivalent in English. 

an, am, en, em, 1 . ,-, -r* v , . 

' ' ' ' > as in the English, want 

ean, earn, aen, aein, J & ' 

in, yn, im, ym, ] 

ein, ain, aim, V as in the English, audi. 

ien, (en after i), J 

un, um, eim, eum, as in the English, hi?ig. 

oin, ouin, 

on, om, eon, eom, as in the English, long. 



MODIFIED SOUNDS. 

ail, as in, corail, (English, my). 

eil, as in, vermeil, (e — lie). 

ueil, oeil, euil, as in, deuil, (eu — lie). 

ouil, as in, rouille, (ou — lie). 



* eu being sounded nearly like e. 

f This last es being sounded ai only at end of monosylla- 
bles — while at the end of words of more than one syllable, 
it is sounded like a slight e. — In the middle of words it is 
sounded like in the English, esteem, (ess). 

X The last eu being sounded like ?/, only when it has the 
meaning of had or belongs to any tense of to have. 



FIRST READER. 



Tis sounded like ii, when between two rowels, 
as in crayon — read crai-ion, or like in beyond. 

PECULIAR SPELLING. 

ann is spelled a-n. amm is spelled a-m. 

enn is spelled e-n. emm is spelled e-m. 

inn is spelled i-n. imm is spelled i-m. 

onn is spelled o-n. omm is spelled o-m. 

unn is spelled u-n. umni is spelled u-m. 

At the beginning of words, except in the word ennemi — 
enn is always spelled en~n, and emm is spelled em~m, as ennui 
which is spelled en-nui. 

PECULIARITIES IN SOUNDS. 

e in the same syllable with the following con- 
sonant is sounded as e. 

er is sounded e at the end of a word, except 
in monosyllables, when it is regularly sounded 
air as mer. 

PECULIARITIES IN ARTICULATIONS. 

ch like sh in English. 

gn like in mi^wonette. 

//^followed by a vowel, is sounded as in fille. 

ph is like /. 

c and g are always soft before e, t 9 and y. 

The soft articulation of c is that of c in the 
English center , and the soft articulation of g, 
is nearly as in general, which is sounded djeneral, 
but that the French do not give the articulation 
of d. 



10 FIRST READER. 

The hard articulation c and g are the same as 
in the English, comrade, great. 

s is sounded like z when between two vowels 
t is sounded like c before i followed by any 
other vowel in which case the English would 
generally sound it as sh. Example, nation. 

SILENT LETTERS. 

1. Consonants at the end of words, except r. 

2. e at the end of words of more than one 
syllable is but slightly sounded. 

%/ O %J 

3. ent in verbs, (3d person plural), is slightly 
sounded as e final. 

4. es, at the end of words of more than one 
syllable is slightly sounded as e final. 

4. u is silent after q and g. 

H. 

H is always a silent letter, but the French 
call it aspirate sometimes at the beginning of a 
few words: so we speak of h mute or aspirate, 
but both are silent. 

FORMATION OF SYLLABLES. 

Begin all your syllables with a consonant when 
there is one; manger (inan-ger), amener (a-me-ner), 
dispenser (dis-pen-ser), responsabiliie {res-pon-sa-bi- 
tide). 

PECULIAR W^ORDS. 

Femme as fame. Dilemme as dileme. 



FIRST READER. 11 

ACCENTS. 

There is no accent on syllables in French, 
but we have accents on letters, which modify 
sometimes their sounds. 

( v ) The grave accent on any other letter than e ) 
does not change the sound of that letter. 

( A ) The circumflex accent on a letter, pro- 
longs the sound of that letter ; as, age. 

( " ) The trema accent on a letter, causes that 
letter to be isolated in its sound. 

( 9 ) A cedilla under c gives the soft sound to 
this letter. 

CONNECTION OF WORDS. 

The articulation of the final consonant of a 
word is carried to the next word, if this word 
begins with a vowel or h mute / when there is no 
punctuation mark between them. 

Then s and g, take the articulation of z. 
" d, " " " " t 

" g, " " " " Jc. 

11 /, " " " " v. 

When the connection is inharmonious, it 
should not be made. 



12 FIRST READER. 

EXERCISES. 

L 

Ba, be, be, be, be, bi, bo, bu, by. 

Da, cle, de, de, de, di, do, du, dj. 

Fa, fe, fe, fe, fe, fi, fo, fu, fy. 

Ha, he, lie, he, he, hi, ho, hu, hy. 

Ja, je, je, je, je, ji, jo, ju, jy. 

Ka, ke, ke, ke, ke, ki, ko, ku ky. 

La, le, le, le, le, li, lo, lu, ly. 

Ma, me, me, me, me, mi, mo, mu, my 

]Na, ne, ne, ne, ne, ni, no, nu, ny. 

Pa, pe, pe, pe, pe, pi, po, pu, py. 

Ra, re, re, re, re, ri, ro, ru, ry. 

Sa, se, se. se, se, si, so, su, sy. 

Ta, te, te, te, te, ti, to, tu, ty. 

Va, ve, re, ve, ve, vi, vo, vu, vy. 

Za, ze, ze, ze, ze, zi, zo, zu, zy. 



feu 


leuv 


eu 


&rveu 9 


a-ma-t^r, 


eus. 


Al-leu, 


hor-reuTi 


eut. 


A-mou-r^z/x, 


ar-de&r. 


eu-me$, 


(Eu% 


jVw-ne, 


eu-tes, 


JSeeu% 


e-cou-Uuv, 


ews-sent, 


Gfra-ci-gax, 


1i-leur, 


ews-sions. 


Deux, 


mid. 


eu, 


De-si-Yeux, 


flat-tea*, 


eu-es, 


De-sas-trewx, 


tu-t^r, 


em. 


Bleu. 


sii-eur, 









FIRS! 


! READER. 
Q 






Ban, 

Dan, 
Fan, 
Han, 


bin, 
din, 
fin, 
hin, 


bon, 
clon, 
fon, 
hon, 


bun, 
clun, 
fun, 
hun, 


boin, 
cloin, 
foin, 
hoin, 


boil, 
dou, 
fou, 
hou, 


boi. 
doi. 
foi. 

hoi. 


Jan, 
Kan, 
Lan, 


jin, 
kin, 
lin, 


jon, 

kon, 

Ion, 


kun, 
lun, 


join, 

koin, 

loin, 


jou, 

kou, 

lou, 


joi. 

koi. 

loi. 


Man, 


min, 


mon, 


mun, 


moin, 


mou, 


, moi 


Nan, 


nin, 


non, 


nun, 


noin, 


nou, 


noi. 


Pan, 
Ran, 


pin, 
rin, 


pon, 
ron, 


pun, 
run, 


poin, 
roin, 


pou, 
rou, 


poi. 
roi. 


San, 
Tan, 


sin, 
tin, 


son, 
ton, 


sun, 
tun, 


soin, 
toin, 


sou, 
tou, 


soi. 
toi. 


Van, 


vin, 


von, 


run, 


voin, 


vou, 


voi. 


Zan, 


zin, 


zon, 


zun, 


zoin, 


zou, 


zoi. 



13 



Jea, je, jeu, je, jei, je, jeai, jai, les, mes, 
tes, ji, JY, jo, jau, jeau, ju, j'eus, jean, jam, 
jan, jen, jeam, jean, jm, jyn, jin, jym, jien, 
jun, jeun, join, jum, jouin, jon, join, jeoi, 
jeom, bain, main, pain, sein, ein, vin, rien, 
chien, tien, vien, mien, ro-main, en-fant, de- 
vant, te-nant, en, on, jeon, ten-dron, bou-ton, 
mar-ron, bou-chon, ca-ron, me-lun, jeun, de- 
funt, hau-tain, ma-lin, un. , 



Bail, beil, gueil, boeil, beuil, bouil. 
Dail, deil, gueil, doeil, deuil, douil. 



4 




FIRST 


READER. 






Fail, 


feil, 


gueil, 


foeil, 


feuil, 


fouil. 


Hail, 


heil, 


gueil, 


hoeil, 


heuil, 


houil. 


Jail, 
Kail, 


jeil, 
keil, 


gueil, 
gueil, 


joeil, 
koeil, 


jeuil, 
keuil, 


jouiL- 

kouiL 


Lail, 


leil, 


gueil, 


loeil, 


leuil, 


louil. 


Mail, 


meil, 


gueil, 


' moeil, 


meuil. 


, mouil 


]\ T ail, 


neil, 


gueil, 


noeil, 


neuil, 


nouil. 


Pail, 
Rail, 


peil, 
reil, 


gueil, 
gueil, 


poeil, 
roeil, 


peuil, 
reuil, 


pouil. 
rouil. 


Sail, 


seil, 


gueil, 


soeil, 


seuil. 


souil. 


Tail, 


teil, 


gueil, 


toeil, 


teuil, 


touil. 


Vail, 


veil, 


gueil, 


voeil, 


veuil, 


vouil. 


Zail, 


zeil, 


gueil, 


zoeil, 
6. 

oi-ia 


zeuil, 


zouil. 


ai-ia 




ei-ia 




ui-a 


Ava, 


eya, 


oya, 




uya. 


-A-yo, 

Aye, 

Voyant, 
Savoyard, 


eyo, 
eye, 
doyen, 
crayon. 


oyo, 
oye, 

mo) 
> ayai 

7. 

inna, 


r en, 
at, 


uyo. 
uye. 
joyau. 

goya. 


Anna 


i 


enna, 


i 


onna. 


Anna 


■) 


amma, 


emma, 


imma. 


Omma, 


umma, 


anni, 




enni. 


Inni, 




onni, 


unni, 




ammi. 


Emmi, 


immi, 


ommi 


ii 


ummi. 


Ab, 


eb, 


ib, 


8. 
ob, 


ub, 


yfc 


Ad, 


ed, 


id, 


od, 


ud, 


yd. 







FIRST 


READER. 






Af, 


ef, ' 


if, 


Of, 


uf, 


yf. 


Ah, 


eh, 


in, 


oh, 


uh, 


yh. 


Aj, 


ej, 


ij, 


oj, 


uj, 


yj- 


Ak, 


ek, 


ik, 


ok, 


uk, 


yt- 


Al, 


el, 


I 1 ' 


ol, 


ul, 


yi- 


Am, 


em, 


im, 


om, 


um, 


ym. 


An, 


en, 


in, 


on, 


un, 


yn- 


Ap, 


ep, 


ip, 


op, 


up, 


yp- 


Aq, 


eq, 


iq> 


oq, 


uq, 


yq- 


Ar, 


er, 


ir, 


or, 


ur, 


yr- 


As, 


es, 


is, 


OS, 


us, 


y s - 


At, 


et, 


it, 


ot, 


ut, 


yt. 


Av, 


ev, 


iv, 


ov, 


uv, 


y y - 


Ax, 


ex, 


IX, 


ox, 


ux, 


y x - 


Az, 


ez, 


iz, 


oz, 


uz, 


y z - 


Aim 


-er, 


dan-ser, 


sau- 


•ter. 


Por-ter, 


de- 


vd-ner, 


por- 


-ter. 


Me-i 


ier, 


pas 


;-ser, 


cour-ber. 


Con-ter, 


ca-ver, 


cau-ser. 



15 



a 

Chan-ter, mar-cher, tou-cher. 

Ca-cher, sei-gneur, mon-ta-gnard. 

Pei-gner, dai-gner, crai-gnons. 

Fill-e, grill-e, grill-age. 

Bill-ard, brill-er, che-vill-e. 

Bou-till-on, re-sill-er, bon-drill-e, 

Mill-et, phe-nix, pha-e-ton, 

Pha-ri-si-en, Phe-bus, phi-lo-so-pher. 

Cein-tu-ri-on, ce-le-brer, ce-ler. 

Ce-les-tin, ce-li-bat, ce-ment. 



16 FIRST READER. 

Ci-ini-er, Ci-ce-ro, ci-el. - 

Cym-ba-li-er, cy-pres, ge-ant, 

Gre-ler, ge-mir, gi-got. 

Gri-ron, gyp-seux, com-por-ter. 

Con-cer-ner, con-cert, ga-zon. 

Grand, grim-per, grou-per. 



10. 

Mar-chand, en-fant, chan-sons, grand, mou- 
choir, de-voir, plai-sir, don-nant, cau-sant, hom- 
me, pe-re, me-re, ru-e, du-ne, man-gent, din-ent, 
ji-ent, de-sai-ent, hom-mes, pe-res, me-res, chai- 
nes, gua-ran-ti-e, gue-rir, gui-mau-ve, que, qui, 
qua-tre, qar-an-te, qua-li-fi-er. 



11. 

Hom-me, lie-rault, his-toi-re, ha-ri-cot, har- 
nais, heu-reux. 

Menacer, marcliander, donner, rever, former, 
dominer, avancer, etre, autre, avoir, aller, aimer, 
sauver, percer, couler, remuer, devenir, deman- 
der, dispenser, risquer, dispepsie, monomanie. 



PEAXIS. 



Age, ane, patre, etre, reve, meme, gite, apotre, 
le votre, ete, derider, calamite, bonte, colere, 
amere, biere, deja, la, ou, a Moise, Adelaide, 
naif, Eloi'se, poin<;ons, mena^ons, garcjons, petits_ 
enfants, garcjonsjheureux, heureux_et agreables, 
quand^on, vend^on, march aiKLelegant, sang w et 
eau, sangjbumain, neuLenfants. 



2. 

Je, me, le, te, nous, vous, le, la, les, moi, toi, 
tu, vu, plus, pour, ce, ces, son, sa, ses, bon, bois, 
choix, rois, tour, cours, jour, eu, lu, mu, tu, pu, 
en, lui, leur, moeurs, choeur, coeur, soeur, feu, 
vieux, de, de, deux, trois, voix, loi, quoi, froid, 
faux, eau, sans, veau, mon. 



Le, me, ne, que, ce, cheval, retour, salle, malle, 
halle, globe, ravie, chamelier, batelier, aperce- 
vez, venir, chanceler, ils passent, ils chantent, 
ils dansaient, ils jouaient, ils voulaient, ils rient, 
ils menacent, relever, quereller, carosser, etrenne, 
ete, evangeliser, reorganise^ bonte, cliarite, the, 



18 KEY TO FKEjS t CH BEADING. 

meprendre, lethargie, retablir, realiser, frere, 
pere, mere, scene, sincere, ephemere, colere, 
melpomene, grece, piece, caleche, comete, reve, 
chene, etre, entetement, tete, champetre, hetre, 
demeler, depecher, age, fantome, flute, gite, la, 
des, oUj heroique, naif, Esau, hair, hamegon, 
calegon, ma§on. 

4. 

Beau, faux, peau, au, veau, Caux, maux, taux, 
saut, marteau, chapeau, crapeau, fricandeau, dau- 
ber, eouteau, gemeaux, drapeau, gaufre, gaule, 
hameau, jaune, lambeau, laurier, laureat, mau- 
vais, maugreer, mauve, mauviette, nouveau, noi- 
raud, naufrage, nautonier, oiseau, paupiere, pau- 
vre, pauvrement, paume, rameau, rauque, ra- 
vaudage, salaud, saunier, saunerie, saupiquet, 
sautereau, sauvetage, sauvage, tableau, taupe, 
taupiniere, taureau, tautologie, vaisseau, verseau. 



Baie, air, mais, paix, lait, lai, laid, frais, gai, 
chai, aide, aise, aine, ainesse, aimer, aile, aigre, 
aiguille, aigle, aiguillon, affaire, affaisser, baisser, 
baisotter, balai,. bourdaine, braire, braise, caisse, 
caissier, caisson, capillaire, capitaine, centenaire, 
cliaine, chair, cliataigne, cineraire, clair, clair- 
seme, complaire, deblais, debonnaire, daigner, 
defaite, delai, depositaire, deraisonner, emissaire, 
enlaidir, extraire, extraordinaire, faire, faisceau, 
forfait, fraiche, frimaire, futaie, gaine, glaire, 
glossaire, graine, haine, honoraire, hypothecaire, 
imaginaire, imparfait, impair, interlineaire, in- 



KEY TO FEENCH BEADING. 19 

ventaire, laisser, litteraire, maitre, maire, mai- 
son, malaise, marais, monnaie, munitionaire, 
naitre, notaire, ovaire, paitre, thuriferaire, plai- 
santerie, vinaigre, vrai, volontaire. 

6. 

Baleine, haleine, empeigne, peine, pleine, en- 
seigner, veine, peigne, salsepareille, veille, vieille, 
aveu, alleu, amoureux, ardeur, amateur, horreur, 
bleu, boeuf, oeuf, veuf, gracieux, queue, gueule, 
deux, desireux, desastreux, desavantageux, ecor- 
nifleur, ecouteur, ecumeur, enjeu, ennuyeux, 
epineux, euphonie, eux, fabuleux, faiseur, fileur, 
flatteur, frileux, galeux, gangreneux, heureux, 
immeuble, peu, imperieux, jeune, jeune, jeudi, 
leur, laboureur, malheur, neuf, neutre, orageux, 
osseux, polypeux, professeur, rieur, rigueur, ron- 
fleur, traqueur, saveur, soeur, sueur, trompeur, 
tuteur, veuf, yeux, victorieux, valeureux, one- 
tueux, majestueux. 



Boue, cou, doux, fou, filou, joug, loup, mou, 
roue, toux, vous, bourde, bouche, boucher, bour- 
bier, broute, boule, boulet, bourrasque, coutume, 
coucher, couler, clou, ecrou, courir, clouer, cou- 
ronner, douche, doute,- doux, douleur, doublure, 
douze, clouane, douanier, fouler, four, fourbe, 
fourchette, fourgon, fourmi, fouet, fourrage, 
foureau, gourmand, gousset, groupe, houssine, 
houx, jour, joute jouvenceau, louage, louange, 
louche, lourd, loutre, moudre, oui, ouie, outrager, 
poutre, poussette, roue, rouet, rouge, routine, rou 



20 KEY TO FRENCH READING. 

piller, souris, souvenir, tour, tourbillon, soudain, 
pouvoir, pourquoi, toupet, voute. 

8. 

Entonnoir, falloir, foire, effroyable, fois, froid, 
froisser, goitre, gloire, grivois, hachoir, hoir, 
histoire, Hongrois, houssoir, i voire, isoloir, joie, 
laboratoire, laminoir, loir, loisir, maladroit, me- 
moire, meritoire, moissonner, moisir, moine, moi- 
tie, montoir, mouchoir, mouilloir, bouilloire, noi- 
reau, noirceur, noisette, noir, notoire, observa- 
toire, oiseau, oiseleur, oisif, ouvroir, poire, parfois, 
passoire, pleuvoir, poison, poisson, poissonniere, 
pressoir, propitiatoire, putois, quelquefois, rasoir, 
ravoir, reeevoir, roitelet, saloir, savoir, semoir, 
sugoir, voile, voisin, vouloir. 

9. 

Ail, quej'aille, bail, caille, derailler, email, 
eventail, faillir, jaillir, mail, saillir, tailler, taillis, 
travail, soupirail, volaille, paille, ripaille, railler, 
entraille, futaille, epousaille, corail, bataille, fian- 
gaille, abeille, eveil, oreille, oreiller, orteil, bou- 
teille, merveille, soleil, treille, vermeil, treillage, 
Auteuil, cercueil, deuil, feuillage, feuille, effeuiller, 
oeil, oeillet, glaieul, aieul, filleul, Mareuil, tilleul, 
seuil, treueil, recueil, ecueil, orgueil. 

10. 

Dans, maman, elephant, chant, dedans, chance, 
danse, aisance, balance, creance, esperance, lance, 
deranger, doleance, puissance, grand, demander, 
demanger, en, defence, cadence, seulement, en- 



KEY TO FRENCH READING. 21 

tremise, entretenir, decadence, nonchalence, en- 
sanglanter, ensemencer, demembrer, ambition, 
ampliation, amputation, ambassade, champ, 
champetre, champion, chambranle, chambre, 
emblee, embellir, embatage, embleme, embarras, 
embrasser, embarquer, empater, empecher, rien, 
tien, mien, lien, viens, tiens, chiens, Haitien, 
Capetien, Corinthien. 

11. 

Antenne, gehenne, Europeenne, Jazennes, 
Marennes, mitoyennete, doyenne, mordienne, 
Sicilienne, Venitienne, annexer, annoter, ananas, 
animer, analyser, anatomie, anevrisme, anoblir, 
anomalie, paysanne, amical, amertume, amener, 
amidon, amnistie, amodier, mammifere, epi- 
gramme, flamme, gamine, Emma, Etrenne, 
lemme, inimitie, inactif, inoccupe, inaccessible, 
fine, alinea, binage, binocle, carabine, chagriner, 
cheminee, clinique, innocent, morphine, innova- 
tion, image, chimere, imaginable, imiter, imatri- 
cule, immense, immediat, immeuble, imminent, 
immutability immoral, oneraire, onereux, onagre, 
onyx, ammonite, baronnet, baronne, boutonniere, 
caponner, connaissance, connetable, conniver, 
connaisseur, dragonne, omelette, omega, homme, 
economie, domanial, fromagerie, froment, comme, 
communiquer, commune, excommunier, gomme, 
homme, hommage, pomme, lune, brunisseur, 
aucune, prune, prunelle, une, dune, ecume, 
plume, volume, rhume, humilite. 



22 KEY TO FEEXCH READING. 



12. 

Afin, bain, brin, crin, daim, dedain, dessine, 
dessein, pain, main, chagrin, infini, intimite, in- 
corrigible, infidele, informer, incliner, destin, 
sein, imbu, limbes, limpide, imberbe, imbroglio, 
impartial, imparfait, unpayable, impenitent, im- 
peratriee, impertinent, alonger, bonte, contree, 
donzelle, eponge, froncer, galon, honte, immonde, 
jalon, Lyon, marron, savon, oncle, ondee, ombre, 
ombrelle, decombre, compliment, complet, com- 
position, concombre, un, chaeun, brim, defunt, 
Huns, lundi, humble, humblement, 

13. 

Payement, payer, voyer, soyeux, thym, voyage, 
voyelle, voyant, noyer, moyen, joyeux, joyau, 
goyave, foyer, doyen, levain, grain, dedain, vi- 
lain, train, parain, demain, aubaine, graine, 
drainer, vilaine, trainer, maraine, semaine, pou- 
lain, poulaine, frein, plein, certain, certaine, 
pleine, reine, reins, rainure, reinette, bain, ha- 
leine, Hein, mitaine, puritaine, puritain, misaine, 
mondain, mondaine, mbins, moine, foin, coin, 
besoin, loin, moirfeau, moindre, point, poindre, 
Antoine, avoine, pivoine, pendaient, disaient, 
aimaient, entassaient, revenaient, babillaient, 
caressaient, -lisaient, ecoutaient, montraient, di- 
naient, soupaient, jeunaient, se levaient. 

14. 

La lecture est une partie essentielle dans l'en- 
seignement d'une langue, qui, comme la langue 



KEY TO FRENCH READING. 



23 



Frangaise, derive en grande partie le son de ses 
mots de leur orthograplie. Cependant elle est 
presque completement negligee, et il n'est pas 
rare de voir cles eleves qui ont etudie la langue 
pendant cinq ou six ans, incapables d'en dechi- 
frer les mots et de leur donner des sons francais. 
Or il est possible, en moins de vingt lecons, 
d'apprendre a un eleve intelligent a lire pure- 
ment et avec une prononciation toute frangaise. 
Pour cela, il suffit de lui indiquer un certain 
nombre de principes, qui lui serviront de guid^ 
au milieu de ce labyrinthe de lettres dont h 
combinaisons variees forment les mots. Tel e 
le but de ces pages. 



LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL WORDS COMMENCING WITH 
AN ASPIRATED H. 



hableur, 


haler, 


hanneton, 


hideux, 


hache, 


halle, 


hanter, 


hierarchie, 


hagard, 


hallebarde, 


harangue, 


hisser, 


haie, 


halte, 


harasser, 


hocher, 


haillon, 


hamac, 


harceler, 


homard, 


liaine, 


hameau, 


hardes, 


honnir, 


hair, 


hanche, 


heurter, 


honte 


hale, 


hangar, 


hibou 


hoquet, 


horde, 


halter 


houblon, 


honible, 


houle, 


houri, 


huche, 


huitaine, 


houlette, 


housse, 


huer, 


huppe, 


houra, 


houssine, 


huguenot, 


hurler. 


hussard, 


hutte, 


harjoe, 


harnais, 


hasard, 


havre, 


hardi, 


heros, 


hetre, 


heler, 


hennir, 


herisser, 


houille, 


haut, 


hauteur, 


hater. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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